MATLAB
Commercial
MATLAB (matrix laboratory) is a multi-paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language.
Mathematica
Commercial
Wolfram Mathematica (usually termed Mathematica, Mathematica software suite) is a mathematical symbolic computation program.
Scilab
Open Source
Scilab is an open source, cross-platform numerical computational package and a high-level, numerically oriented programming language.
Julia
Open Source
Julia is a high-level, high-performance dynamic programming language for numerical computing.
Freemat
Open Source
FreeMat is a free environment for rapid engineering and scientific prototyping and data processing.
R (programming language)
Open Source
R is an open source programming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics that is supported by the R Foundation.
Sage
Open Source
Sage offers business management, bookkeeping & accounting software to meet any business need, from small to midsized businesses.
wxMaxima
Open Source
Maxima is a computer algebra system based on a version of Macsyma.
Spyder
Open Source
Spyder is the Scientific PYthon Development EnviRonment: a powerful interactive development environment for the Python language with advanced editing.
Compare GNU Octave with alternatives
Compare R (programming language) and GNU Octave and decide which is most suitable for you.
Compare Mathematica and GNU Octave and decide which is most suitable for you.
Compare wxMaxima and GNU Octave and decide which is most suitable for you.