Kotlin is a statically-typed programming language that runs on the Java virtual machine. Developed by JetBrains
License: Open Source
Kotlin is a statically typed language that runs on the JVM, offering excellent performance and strong interoperability with Java, making it ideal for Android development. On the other hand, jRuby is a dynamic language that excels in web development, particularly with Ruby on Rails, and is more suited for scripting tasks but may lag in performance compared to compiled languages.